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Crime vs. Muslim share

Europe · the 17 "most criminal" cities (Numbeo) vs. the 20 cities with the highest Muslim share

On both lists8 of 17

8 of the 17 "most criminal" cities in Europe are also among the 20 cities with the highest Muslim share.

Exceptions: Naples ≈2–3% and Athens ≈4–5%. 6 French cities have no reliable figures, because France does not record religion. Using only the top 17 on both sides, the overlap is 6.

This shows overlap, not cause. Numbeo is a user survey of perceived crime, not police data. ≈ = estimate.

8 of the 17 "most criminal" cities in Europe are also among the 20 cities with the highest Muslim share.

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Highest Muslim share (cities/municipalities over 100,000)

■ = on both lists

#CityMuslim shareTypeGeography / source
1🇬🇧 Blackburn35.0%CensusBlackburn with Darwen (local authority), ONS Census 2021
2🇬🇧 Luton32.9%CensusLocal authority, ONS Census 2021
3🇬🇧 Bradford30.5%CensusLocal authority, ONS Census 2021
4🇬🇧 Birmingham29.9%CensusLocal authority, ONS Census 2021
5🇬🇧 Slough29.4%CensusLocal authority, ONS Census 2021
6🇫🇷 Marseille≈25–40%EstimateCity. City hall figure 200–250k (≈25%, 2011); Open Society Foundations 2011: 30–40%
7🇬🇧 Oldham24.4%CensusLocal authority, ONS Census 2021
8🇧🇪 Brussels≈24%EstimateCapital Region, Jan Hertogen/npdata 2022 (modelled)
9🇬🇧 Leicester23.5%CensusLocal authority, ONS Census 2021
10🇬🇧 Manchester22.3%CensusLocal authority, ONS Census 2021
11🇧🇪 Antwerp≈22%EstimateMunicipality, Hertogen 2022 (modelled)
12🇧🇪 Liège≈20%EstimateMunicipality, Hertogen 2022 (modelled)
13🇬🇧 Bolton19.9%CensusLocal authority, ONS Census 2021
14🇧🇪 Charleroi≈19%EstimateMunicipality, Hertogen 2022 (modelled)
15🇬🇧 Rochdale18.8%CensusLocal authority, ONS Census 2021
16🇬🇧 Kirklees18.5%CensusLocal authority (Huddersfield/Dewsbury), ONS Census 2021
17🇬🇧 Preston16.1%CensusLocal authority, ONS Census 2021
18🇸🇪 Malmö≈16%EstimateMunicipality, Lagervall & Stenberg 2016 (2014/15 figure, uncertain)
19🇬🇧 London15.0%CensusGreater London, ONS Census 2021
20🇦🇹 Vienna14.8%Official surveyStatistics Austria 2021 (official survey)

Most criminal: Numbeo Crime Index 2026 Mid-Year (via @statsglobe)

#CityMuslim shareTypeGeography / source
1🇫🇷 Marseille≈25–40%EstimateCity. City hall figure 200–250k (≈25%, 2011); Open Society Foundations 2011: 30–40%
2🇬🇧 Birmingham29.9%CensusLocal authority, ONS Census 2021
3🇫🇷 Grenobleno reliable data–France does not record religion
4🇮🇹 Naples≈2–3%EstimateCity: 15,000–30,000 Muslims (Eurispes / Comunità Islamica di Napoli)
5🇬🇧 Coventry10.4%CensusLocal authority, ONS Census 2021
6🇫🇷 Montpellierno reliable data–France does not record religion
7🇫🇷 Lyonno reliable data–France does not record religion
8🇬🇧 Bradford30.5%CensusLocal authority, ONS Census 2021
9🇫🇷 Nantesno reliable data–France does not record religion
10🇧🇪 Liège≈20%EstimateMunicipality, Hertogen 2022 (modelled)
11🇫🇷 Parisno reliable data–France does not record religion
12🇬🇧 Manchester22.3%CensusLocal authority, ONS Census 2021
13🇧🇪 Brussels≈24%EstimateCapital Region, Jan Hertogen/npdata 2022 (modelled)
14🇬🇧 London15.0%CensusGreater London, ONS Census 2021
15🇫🇷 Niceno reliable data–France does not record religion
16🇬🇷 Athens≈4–5%EstimateGreater Athens/Attica: 150,000–200,000 (US State Dept. 2016, community leaders)
17🇸🇪 Malmö≈16%EstimateMunicipality, Lagervall & Stenberg 2016 (2014/15 figure, uncertain)

Rules: London and Brussels are counted as whole cities, as Numbeo does (London boroughs and Brussels communes are not counted separately). Estimates are ranked by the low end of their range. France and Germany do not record religion, so their cities cannot be documented.

National reference (Pew, mid-2016): France 8.8% · Sweden 8.1% · Belgium 7.6% · Netherlands 7.1% · Austria 6.9% · UK 6.3% · Germany 6.1% · Greece 5.7% · Italy 4.8%. England & Wales 6.5% (Census 2021).

Sources